What are the 3 phases of translation?

Translation of an mRNA molecule by the ribosome occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination . During initiation, the small ribosomal subunit binds to the start of the mRNA sequence.

What are the stages of translation in translation studies?

The translation process corresponds to the technical part of a translation project and is made up of 3 consecutive and essential phases: 1) the preliminary phase, 2) the translation phase and 3) the revision or quality assurance phase . Let's analyse in detail these 3 stages of translation.

What is step 4 of translation?

Protein synthesis in eukaryotes is carried out by 80S ribosomes with the help of many specific translation factors. Translation comprises four major steps: initiation, elongation, termination, and ribosome recycling .

What are the 7 procedures of translation?

The translation procedures are borrowing, literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence, adaptation, amplification, reduction, and explicitation .

What are the 4 processes of translation?

It takes place in four steps namely, tRNA charging, Initiation, Elongation, and Termination .

What are the four levels of translation?

The Process of Translating is operational. First we choose the approach to translate, then we always keep in mind the different levels: textual, cohesive, referential and naturlaness .

What are the 4 components needed for translation to occur?

The key components required for translation are mRNA, ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA) and various enzymatic factors . mRNA: mRNA carries the sequence information for the protein to be synthesized.

What are the four periods of translation?

Woodsworth (1999, pp. 39-42) focuses on four periods in the history of translation: Antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and Reformation, and the Romantic period to the present day .

What are the 3 main steps of transcription and translation?

Transcription of a gene takes place in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination .

What are the three models of translation?

In the history of translation studies we can distinguish three basic models of transla- tion: comparative, process and causal .

What are the three phases of translation?

Translation of an mRNA molecule by the ribosome occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.

What are the 5 steps of translation in order?

mRNA binds to the large and small subunits of the ribosome. Ribosome reads mRNA. Appropriate tRNA with amino acid binds to ribosome. second three steps of translation. peptide bond forms between amino acids from tRNA. stop codon is reached. polypeptide is released and ribosome dissociates.

What are the 5 types of translation?

What are the 5 Most Common Types of Translation? Literary Translation. As the name suggests, literary translation is the act of translating literary works, such as plays, novels and poems. ... Technical Translation. ... Administrative Translation. ... Financial Translation. ... Legal Translation. ... Other types of translation. Nov 16, 2021

What are the 5 steps of protein synthesis in order?

5 steps of protein synthesis Transcription. The first stage of protein synthesis. ... Translation. The second stage of protein synthesis. ... Initiation. ... Elongation. ... Termination. Jan 31, 2023

What steps take place during translation?

Steps of translation To see how cells make proteins, let's divide translation into three stages: initiation (starting off), elongation (adding on to the protein chain), and termination (finishing up) .

Stages of translation (article) | Khan Academy (2024)

Attribution

This article is a modified derivative of "Ribosomes and protein synthesis," by OpenStax College, Biology, CC BY 4.0. Download the original article for free at http://cnx.org/contents/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.59.

The modified article is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license

Works cited

Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L., and Stryer, L. (2002). Eukaryotic protein synthesis differs from prokaryotic protein synthesis primarily in translation initiation. In Biochemistry. (5th ed., section 29.5.1). New York, NY: W. H. Freeman. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22531/#_A4206_.
Purves, W.K., Sadava, D., Orians, G.H., and Heller, H.C. (2004). From DNA to protein: Genotype to phenotype. In Life: The science of biology (7th ed., pp. 246-247). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc.
Ophardt, Charles E. (2003). Other antibiotics. In Virtual Chembook. Retrieved October 22, 2016 from http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/654antibiotic.html.
Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L., and Stryer, L. (2002). Protein factors play key roles in protein synthesis. In Biochemistry. (5th ed., section 29.4.1). New York, NY: W. H. Freeman. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22408/#_A4190_.
Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L., and Stryer, L. (2002). Eukaryotic protein synthesis differs from prokaryotic protein synthesis primarily in translation initiation. In Biochemistry. (5th ed., section 29.5). New York, NY: W. H. Freeman. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22531/.
Marintchev, A. and Wagner, G. (2004). Translation initiation: Structures, mechanisms, and evolution. In Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics, 37(3/4), 214-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033583505004026.Retrieved from https://gwagner.med.harvard.edu/sites/gwagner.med.harvard.edu/files/marintchev_qrb.pdf.
Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L., and Stryer, L. (2002). Protein factors play key roles in protein synthesis. In Biochemistry. (5th ed., section 29.4.2). New York, NY: W. H. Freeman. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22408/#_A4192_
Titin. (2016, October 12). Retrieved October 22, 2016 from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titin.
See Also
What are the 5 Most Common Types of Translation? | Intertranslations What Is Translation: The Quick Guide to Different Forms of Translation Translation vs Transcription: Key Similarities and Differences | April 2018 10 Top Rules For Translators and Interpreters
Opitz, C. A., Kulke, M., Leake, M. C., Neagoe, C., Hinssen, H., Hajjar, R. J., and Linke, W. A. (2003). Damped elastic recoil of the titin spring in myofibrils of human myocardium. PNAS, 100(22), 12688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2133733100.

References

Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L., and Stryer, L. (2002). A ribosome is a ribonucleoprotein particle (70S) made of a small (30S) and a large (50S) subunit. In Biochemistry. (5th ed., section 29.2). New York, NY: W. H. Freeman. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22335/.

Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L., and Stryer, L. (2002). Eukaryotic protein synthesis differs from prokaryotic protein synthesis primarily in translation initiation. In Biochemistry. (5th ed., section 29.5). New York, NY: W. H. Freeman. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22531/.

Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L., and Stryer, L. (2002). Protein factors play key roles in protein synthesis. In Biochemistry. (5th ed., section 29.4). New York, NY: W. H. Freeman. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22408/.

Cooper, G. M. (2000). Translation of mRNA. In The cell: A molecular approach. (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9849/.

Erythromycin. (2010, September 1). In MedlinePlus. Retrieved from https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682381.html.

Erythromycin. (2015, December 27). Retrieved December 31, 2015 from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycin.

Eukaryotes use a complex of many initiation factors. (2007). In Protein synthesis. Retrieved from http://bioscience.jbpub.com/cells/MBIO269.aspx.

Initiation involves base pairing between mRNA and rRNA. (2007). In Protein synthesis. Retrieved from http://bioscience.jbpub.com/cells/MBIO267.aspx.

Stages of translation (article) | Khan Academy (2024)

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