English Words - How Many is Enough? (2024)

When it comes to language, one can never have too many words. According to BNC (British National Corpus), the English language has over 100 million words, both spoken and written. I think that I can honestly say that no native speaker will know all of the words registered in the BNC, so how many words do we need to know? Better yet, how many words do our foreign learners need? Thornbury (2002) mentions that students need approximately:

• Between 1,000 to 2,000 high-frequency words for basic conversation and everyday texts.
• More or less 8,000 words for advanced conversation.
• In the region of 10,000 to 20,000-word families (excluding fixed phrases and expressions) to read at a university level.

That is a whole lot of words to learn and remember. Luckily, it is safe to say that as a teacher, I do not expect students to remember the exact meaning of 10,000 words, however, I do encourage students to make an effort to be more aware of word families. The reason for this is that when a student sees it in a text or hears it in a conversation, they should be able to guess the meaning from context rather than breaking themselves over one word they didn’t recognize. After all the primary purpose of language is communication.

Therefore students and teachers alike should encourage students from a low level to start recording vocabulary correctly. Personally, I like to use a word family table. (see Fig. 1)

NounVerbAdjectiveAdverbAntonym
DecisionTo decideDecisiveDecisivelyIndecisive

The table can be changed according to level by adding more columns, for example prefixes and suffixes, synonyms etc.

Practice: Teachers should encourage students by giving them a weekly (achievable) target of vocabulary. It can be vocabulary from a course book or vocabulary that pops up in class. If students are not aware of using a dictionary, it can make a good lesson to teach students on how to use a dictionary.

It is important to recycle vocabulary, so try to do some informal exercise where students have the opportunity to use the vocabulary at least once a week. I find that a board race or spelling Bee works, and students find it very competitive and fun.

Good luck and happy learning!
Tiaan

Resources:
British National Corpus (BNC)
Thornbury, S. (2002), How to teach Vocabulary, Pearson and Longman

English Words - How Many is Enough? (2024)

FAQs

English Words - How Many is Enough? ›

Between 1,000 to 2,000 high-frequency words for basic conversation and everyday texts. More or less 8,000 words for advanced conversation. In the region of 10,000 to 20,000-word families (excluding fixed phrases and expressions) to read at a university level.

How many words is enough for English? ›

Between 1,000 to 2,000 high-frequency words for basic conversation and everyday texts. More or less 8,000 words for advanced conversation. In the region of 10,000 to 20,000-word families (excluding fixed phrases and expressions) to read at a university level.

Is 5000 words enough to speak English? ›

Generally speaking, knowing an average of 2000-3000 words should be enough for everyday conversations and basic understanding (A2-B1 level). To become proficient in English, you need a vocabulary of about 5000+ words.

Are 3,000 words enough? ›

With 2,500 to 3,000 words, you can understand 90% of everyday English conversations, English newspaper and magazine articles, and English used in the workplace. The remaining 10% you'll be able to learn from context, or ask questions about.

Is 500 words enough for a language? ›

Beginner. Akorbi recommends that a complete beginner typically has about 250-500 words under his or her language belt, with the necessary tools to form complete sentences. With this knowledge of words, they will also be able to get through introductions, answer simple questions, and hold basic conversations.

How many words until fluent? ›

People who know 250 to 500 words are beginners. Those who know 1,000 to 3,000 words can carry on everyday conversations. Knowing 4,000 to 10,000 words makes people advanced language users while knowing more than 10,000 words puts them at the fluent or native-speaker levels.

How many words are enough to speak English fluently? ›

The relationship between vocabulary size and fluency is complex, and the number of words required to achieve fluency varies. Some estimates suggest that around 3,000 words are necessary to achieve basic fluency, while others suggest 10,000 or more.

How many English words does a native speaker know? ›

Most adult native test-takers have a vocabulary range of about 20,000-35,000 words. Adult native test-takers learn almost 1 new word a day until middle age. Vocabulary growth stops at middle age.

How many English words does the average person know? ›

According to a recently conducted study by The Economist, most adult native speakers of the English language, who took their vocabulary test, have a range from 20,000 to 35,000 words. The average of native test-takers of the age 8 was 10,000 words and 4-year-olds have already a considerate amount of 5,000 words.

How many words does an educated person know? ›

Do we need to know the same number as native speakers? In English, for example, the average native speaker knows about 20,000 words. That goes up to 40,000 words when we're talking about college-educated people.

What is the least used word? ›

Rarely Used Words
  • Lypophrenia. A vague sadness that someone feels without knowing the reason behind the sorrow. ...
  • Griffonage. Illegible handwriting. ...
  • Sybaritic. The adjective form of the noun sybarite. ...
  • Phosphenes. ...
  • Petrichor. ...
  • Accismus. ...
  • Ululation. ...
  • Ratiocination.

What is the most used word in America? ›

Below are the top 5 most commonly used words in American English in order!
  • The. This is the most used word in American English! ...
  • Be. This is the only word in the top five that doesn't have a schwa, or 'uh,' substitution. ...
  • To. Native English speakers say this as 'tuh.' ...
  • Of. Native English speakers say this as 'uv.' ...
  • And.

What is the most used word in English? ›

100 most common words
WordParts of speechCOCA rank
theArticle1
beVerb2
toPreposition7, 9
ofPreposition4
73 more rows

Does Arabic have 12 million words? ›

Translation between English and Arabic is not always straightforward. Arabic has over 12 million distinct words.

What is the richest language in the world? ›

It is clear that Arabic is the basis for hundreds of words across dozens of languages. As we continue to examine why it may be the richest language in words, let us take a look at the origin of the Arabic language.

How many words will Duolingo teach you? ›

According to Goethe Institute, level B1 requires knowing about 2400 “lexical units”. Duolingo helps you learn 2000+ “words”, but does not specify if that set of “words” coincides with Goethe's set of “lexical units”.

Is 1000 words enough to speak English? ›

Conversational: 1,000-3,000 words.

With around 1,000 words in most languages, you'll be able to ask people how they're doing, tell them about your day and navigate everyday life situations like shopping and public transit.

Is 1500 words enough to speak a language? ›

With 1,500 words or more, you can qualify for a pre-intermediate level. You will be able to express yourself easily and have everyday conversations with your peers and colleagues. This corresponds approximately to a level of A2/B1 on the CEFR scale.

How many words should I know for each English level? ›

How many words should you know at each stage of language learning?
A1<1500
A21500-2500
B12750-3250
B23250-3750
C13750-4500
1 more row
Feb 16, 2021

Is 300 words enough to speak a language? ›

To recap: The number of words to learn to speak a language really depends on your purpose. Remember that 300 to 600 words may be enough to travel, but at least 1,000 words are necessary for a conversation.

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